China's Youth Turn to Civil Service Exams as Economic Prospects Dim

Record Numbers Seek Stable Government Jobs

A staggering 3.7 million individuals have applied for China's civil service examination, competing for just 38,100 available positions. This represents the highest number of applicants in history, underscoring growing concerns about job stability in the private sector amid China's economic slowdown. The competition ratio stands at approximately 97 applicants for every available position, highlighting the intense pressure faced by young job seekers.

Economic Factors Driving the Trend

The surge in applications reflects deteriorating private sector opportunities and rising youth unemployment. Urban unemployment for those aged 16-24 remains persistently above 17%, significantly higher than comparable rates in countries like the United States. This economic uncertainty has revitalized the appeal of 'iron rice bowl' jobs - government positions offering stable income, comprehensive benefits, and job security.

Shift in Job Preferences

Recent trends show a significant shift in job preferences among Chinese graduates. According to a survey by Zhilian Zhaopin recruitment platform, 63% of students now prioritize public sector jobs, up from 42% in 2020. Conversely, interest in private enterprise employment has declined from 25.1% to just 12.5% over the same period. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are also seeing increased interest as they offer more job opportunities compared to the limited government positions available.

Implications for China's Labor Market

This mass migration toward government and state-owned sector jobs indicates growing risk aversion among young Chinese job seekers. While these positions offer stability, they may not drive the innovation needed to revitalize China's slowing economy. The trend also suggests increasing pressure on government budgets and potential implications for the efficiency of state-owned enterprises as they absorb more graduates.